H5N1 virus or Bird Flu Virus
Virus type H5N1 bird flu virus known as the most dangerous that has infected humans or animals either. The virus is also known as A (H5N1) virus is epizootic (an epidemic in the cause of non-human creatures) and also panzootic (which can infect animals of various species of very wide area.
HPAI A (H5N1) was first known to kill a flock of chickens in Scotland in 1959, but the virus appeared at that time very different from the H5N1 virus at this time. Dominant types of the H5N1 virus that emerged in 2004 evolved from a virus that emerged in 2002 that created the genes of type Z.
The H5N1 virus is divided into two types of derivatives, the first derivative is a virus that infects humans and birds in Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia and bird in Laos and Malaysia. The first derivative of this kind do not spread to other areas.
While the derivatives of the type 2 recognizable bird in China, Indonesia, Japan, and North Korea which later spread to the Middle East, Europe and Africa. Virus type 2 is a derivative of the viruses that cause human infection to occur in the period 2005-2006 in various countries. Genetic analysis has been done to prove that there are 6 types of subclasses of the derivative type to 2, the 3 of them spread and infect humans in the following countries:
Subclasses 1: Indonesia
Subclasses 2: Europe, Middle East and Africa
3 subclasses: China
H5N1 is actually a type of virus that attacks the galactose receptors that exist on the nose to the lungs in birds that are not found in humans, and attacks only occur around the area of the alveoli in the lungs where oxygen is spread through blood. Therefore, this virus is easily spread through the air when coughing or sneezing like a common cold virus.
Since it was first discovered in 1997, researchers found that the H5N1 virus continues to evolve with changes in antigenic substance and the internal structure of the gene which can then infect several different species.
The virus was first discovered in Hong Kong in 1997 and 2001 are not easily transmitted from one bird to another and do not cause fatal disease in some animals. But in 2002, a new type of H5N1 virus emerged, known as H5N1 virus gene type Z is the dominant type of gene, which causes acute illness in the bird population in Hong Kong, including neurological dysfunction and death in ducks and other fowl.
Virus with a gene that is the type of epidemic in Southeast Asia that led to the deaths of millions of chickens and two sub classes created by the ever-changing virus mutation has caused hundreds of human victims who died. Mutations that occur from this type of virus that could increase the pathogenic virus worsen virus attacks and fear to many species will be able to transmit the virus from humans to other humans. Such mutations occur in the body that holds the bird virus in a long time in his body before he died of infection.
Mutations in the H5N1 virus is a characteristic type of influenza virus, where the virus is able to combine the two types of influenza viruses of different types that are in one type of receptor at the same time.
Ability of the mutated virus to produce the kind that can infect many different species is due to the variation in the hemagglutinin gene. Genetic mutations in the hemagglutinin gene cause the displacement of the amino acids can alter the ability akhrinya in the hemagglutinin protein to bind to receptors in the cell surface.
This mutation can change the H5N1 bird flu virus that can infect humans was not to be easily transmitted from birds to humans. Therefore, researchers are now actively trying to understand the jealous nature of this virus and trying to make genetically modified by inserting two amino acids Spanish flu virus H1N1 in H5N1 haemagglutinin of H5N1 virus so it will not be harmful human pandemic as an outbreak that occurred in 1918.
That research yielded encouraging results of research in which the object can stay healthy though placed in a room with objects that sick.
Sources: fluburung.org
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