In the past 10 years, the number of patients with prostate cancer has tripled. Prostate cancer is experienced by those who have the susceptible lineage and patients aged 40-50 years. So what should be done by men to prevent it?
Women should never be considered trivial when it is difficult to start urinating. So it is indifferent as frequent urination, especially at night. The men also need to be vigilant when it feels pain or burning when urinating. Especially if there is blood in the urine flow is weak. It may be that all these symptoms are signs of prostate cancer was eroding.
Professor Dr. Rainy Umbas SpU PhD from the Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia revealed prostate cancer at an early age (early) did not show any symptoms. Having grown in size and can change the red urine or urine arrest occurred suddenly.
"That's why the men are encouraged to recognize and be aware of the disease early. Thus they can prevent and treat appropriately, "said Rainy in health seminar themed Recognize and Prostate Cancer Be aware, at the Hotel Le Merifdien, Jakarta, some time ago.
As it is known that the male reproductive system located below the bladder and in front of the rectum or anus is called the prostate gland. In terms of shape, size of the prostate gland is only of a walnut and surrounds part of the urethra. These glands empty the contents of urinary function and produce a fluid that forms part of semen.
As prostate cancer is a disease of cancer that develops in the prostate gland. It occurs when prostate cells mutate and grow out of control, as well as into other organs, especially on the bone.
Medically, prostate cancer experienced by those with a susceptible lineage and patients aged 40-50 years. Another cause of this disease include elevated levels of testosterone, high-fat diet, and toxic. "For your information, prostate cancer is not contagious, but very dangerous," says Rainy.
In advanced stages, prostate cancer can cause death, especially in men aged over 74 years. Meanwhile, men who have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer are men over the age of 60 years. "Data from the RSCM and RS Dharmais, showed an increased number of patients nearly tripled in the last 10 years," Rainy said. But prostate cancer is rare in men under 40 years old.
Early Detection
Prostate cancer is generally classified according to degree kegananas (grade) and stage (stage). Reflected the degree of malignancy of tumor cells that have undermined the normal cells of the prostate gland. Tumor tissue using a microscope, the pathologist can determine whether the tumor has entered the phase of low, medium, or high. One way to determine the grade of prostate cancer is the Gleason system, the system of figure 2-10. Gleasonnya The higher the value, the higher the degree of malignancy of cancer.
There is also a simple way to detect prostate cancer, namely through digital rectal. "To detect whether there is a hard lump of irregular shape, digital rectal examination should be done," says urologic surgeon from Mangunkusomo Cipto Hospital (RSCM) is. Digital rectal is recommended in elderly men (40-50 years), or those who feel pain during urination and erection.
In addition, every year men aged over 50 years and have the line of conduct recommended PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen). "If your family is suffering from prostate cancer, are encouraged to do skening since the age of 40 years," Rainy anjur.
PSA is an enzyme released by the prostate gland that serves dilute ejaculate fluid, to facilitate the sperm out. In normal circumstances, only a little PSA enters the bloodstream. If there is inflammation or damage to the prostate tissue levels of PSA in the blood will increase.
To determine whether PSA levels caused by prostate cancer or benign prostate enlargement (benign prostate enlargement / BPH), Rainy recommends checking the ratio of free PSA to total, especially for those with PSA levels was 2.6 to 10 nanograms per milliliter (ng / ml).
Prostate cancer screening can also be done through ultrasonography (USG) and X-ray or bone skening. By using this method, pasian can also find out whether the cancer has spread to ketulang or not. In addition, it can be through the examination of urine analysis, urine cytology, prostate fluid, and biopsy of the prostate.
Once known prostate cancer, up Rainy, then it could be classified by stage. Early-stage prostate cancer (stage I and II) where the cancer cells remain in the prostate gland and has not spread to the outside. Prostate cancer stage III (locally advanced) if cancer cells have spread beyond the prostate gland from, and spread to pockets of semen (seminal vesicles). As for stage IV prostate cancer if cancer cells have spread to other tissues, such as lymph nodes or other organs such as bone and lung.
In some cases, newly diagnosed prostate cancer after spreading to the bones (particularly the pelvic bones, ribs and back) or to the kidneys. This can lead to kidney failure, and bone cancer, and cause pain and the bones become brittle and fracture (broken bone). When cancer spreads, the patient will usually have anemia. Not only that, in the later stages of prostate cancer may also spread to the brain and cause seizures sufferers. faisal Chaniago
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